Testing...

CERF All of our dogs are tested annually and each of our dogs have continually tested clear for eye diseases!
An eye exam is performed by a board certified Veterinary Opthamologist.  This exam looks for a multitude of eye diseases.  Annual re-examination is recommended for all dogs.  The CERF (Canine Eye Registration Foundation) database provides a registry of dogs that have been certified free of heritable eye disease.  For more information on CERF examination and the categories of disease that are tested for visit www.vmbd.org

 

Prcd-PRA We do have two dogs in our program, Smilie and Bruski, that are carriers of prcd-PRA.  We are ethically committed to producing healthy puppies so our carriers are always mated with dogs that are clear of prcd-PRA to avoid producing puppies that will be affected by this disease.  The dogs in our program that are carriers are remaining in our program due to their genetic potency.  We feel at this time that these dogs have much to offer the future of our breed regardless of their prcd-PRA carrier status.
The genetic disorder Progressive Rod-cone Degeneration-Progressive Retinal Atrophy, causes cells in the retina at the back of the eye to degenerate and die, even though the cells seem to develop normally early in life.  The result is declining vision and eventual blindness.  The “rod” cells operate in low light levels and are the first to lose normal function. Night blindness results. Then the “cone” cells gradually lose their normal function in full light situations. Most affected dogs will eventually go blind. It’s important to remember that not all retinal disease is PRA and not all PRA is the prcd form of PRA.  DNA testing will make the diagnosis, prior to the onset of disease. 

Inheritance
Prcd-PRA is inherited as a recessive trait in most cases. This means a disease gene must be inherited from each parent in order to cause disease in an offspring. Parents were either clear, carrier or affected. A carrier has one disease gene and one normal gene, and is termed “heterozygous” for the disease. A normal dog has no disease gene and is termed "homozygous normal" - both copies of the gene are the same. And a dog with two disease genes is termed "homozygous affected" - both copies of the gene are abnormal.  All of our dogs have been DNA tested and are clear or carriers of prcd-PRA.  Therefore, none of our dogs will loose their sight to prcd-PRA
HSF4  All of our dogs have DNA tested clear for Hereditary Cataracts!
The typical inherited cataract involves both eyes, and is present on the back side of the lens, these cataracts usually begin in an outer layer of the lens. Cataracts can usually be detected during a CERF eye exam on an adult, but they can appear at any age. The progression of cataracts varies in each dog diagnosed. Some progress very slowly that the dog will retain functional vision, if not full,  throughout their lives. While others are so affected that they become blind in a very short period of time. Also some Aussies will develop cataracts in one eye while the other might not show any evidence for months.  There is now a DNA test available for the presence of the HSF4 gene.  As with prcd-PRA dogs can be clear, carriers or affected.  All dogs testing as affected, or carrier WILL develop cataracts.

 

MDR1  Not All of our dogs have DNA tested clear for MDR1! Queenie is our only MDR1 carrier. She will only be bred to males clear of MDR1 gene and all her pups will be on a spay neuter contract unless they are negative and all pups will be tested before leaving for their new homes.
In dogs affected with MDR1, the blood brain barrier is compromised. This gene encodes a protein, P-glycoprotein, that is responsible for pumping many drugs and other toxins out of the brain. Dogs with the mutant gene can not pump some drugs out of the brain as a normal dog would, which may result in abnormal neurologic signs. The result may be an illness requiring an extended hospital stay--or even death.  It is well known that all sizes of Australian Shepherds and related breeds can have adverse reactions to drugs such as ivermectin, loperamide (Imodium®), and others. DNA testing is now available through Washington State University and Animal Genetics. 

Dogs that are affected by MDR1  can have severe reactionsto Ivermenctin and other related drugs. 
Dogs that are carriers of MDR1 can also have severe reactions to Ivermectin and other related drugs. 
Dogs that test clear for MDR1 should not exhibit any drug sensitivities.

“It’s like having a child who is allergic to penicillin, they are normal and healthy in every way but It is up to the parent to make sure they never get the offending drug.”

Here is a list of Medications that should be avoided if the status of an aussies MDR1 status is not known:
Acepromazine (tranquilizer and pre-anesthetic agent)
Butorphanol (analgesic and pre-anesthetic agent)
Erythromycin
Ivermectin (antiparasitic agent)
Loperamide (ImodiumTM; antidiarrheal agent)
Selamectin, milbemycin, and moxidectin (antaparasitic agents)
Vincristine, Vinblastine, Doxorubicin (chemotherapy agents)
Domperidone
Etoposide
Mitoxantrone
Ondansetron
Paclitaxel
Rifampicin

Drugs that are known to be pumped out of the brain by the protein that the MDR1 gene is responsible for producing but appear to be safely tolerated by dogs with the MDR1 mutation:
Cyclosporin (immunosuppressive agent)
Digoxin (cardiac drug)
Doxycycline (antibacterial drug) 

Drugs that may be pumped out by the protein that the MDR1 is responsible for producing, but appear to be safely tolerated by dogs with the MDR1 mutation:
Morphine, buprenorphine, fentanyl (opioid analgesics or pain medications)

 

HSF4
CEA affected puppies appear normal. The defects are within the eye and cannot be detected without special instruments. Positive diagnosis can only be made by a veterinary ophthalmologist or with the DNA test. The specific defects the examiner will note are choroidal hypoplasia (chorioretinal dysplasia), optic nerve coloboma/staphloma and, rarely, retinal detachment. Both eyes will be affected but the specific defects may differ from eye to eye.

Some CEA puppies are masked affecteds. (This was once called "go normal.") They appear normal on exam because normal pigment development in the back of the eye sometimes covers the defective areas preventing observation. Masked affecteds have two copies of the mutation. Any offspring they produce will be carriers. It is important that all puppies be examined no later than 8 weeks of age to get them properly diagnosed.

CEA is present at birth and does not progress. CEA puppies behave normally. Few will be so blind that the disease noticeably affects them. CEA does not cause the puppy any pain or discomfort. Affected animals should never be bred; but if they are not blind they can live happy and productive lives